{"created":"2023-05-15T15:23:28.063325+00:00","id":10294,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"86694f3a-b928-44c3-a1d0-28f1ef0fc01f"},"_deposit":{"created_by":15,"id":"10294","owners":[15],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"10294"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:sucra.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010294","sets":["94:429:431:432:503"]},"author_link":[],"item_113_alternative_title_1":{"attribute_name":"タイトル（別言語）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"異なる酸素条件下で沈水植物（コカナダモ、エビモ）の生長、栄養塩吸収およびいくつかの生化学的パラメータに対するアンモニウムイオン濃度の影響について"}]},"item_113_biblio_info_9":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2013","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"}}]},"item_113_date_35":{"attribute_name":"作成日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_date_issued_datetime":"2014-09-18","subitem_date_issued_type":"Created"}]},"item_113_date_granted_20":{"attribute_name":"学位授与年月日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_dategranted":"2013-09-20"}]},"item_113_degree_grantor_22":{"attribute_name":"学位授与機関","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreegrantor":[{"subitem_degreegrantor_name":"埼玉大学"}],"subitem_degreegrantor_identifier":[{"subitem_degreegrantor_identifier_name":"12401","subitem_degreegrantor_identifier_scheme":"kakenhi"}]}]},"item_113_degree_name_21":{"attribute_name":"学位名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_degreename":"博士(学術)"}]},"item_113_description_13":{"attribute_name":"形態","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"xviii, 118, iv p.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_113_description_23":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Submerged macrophytes are important functional and structural elements of aquatic ecosystems, and fulfill several important functions in these systems. They can be regarded as key species; changes in the macrophyte community can have major consequences for the aquatic ecosystems. Many different types of submerged aquatic macrophytes have been identified globally. Most submerged aquatic macrophytes belong to the families Ceratophyllaceae, Haloragaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Nymphaeaceae and  Potamogetonaceae. Submerged macrophytes are unique among rooted aquatic  plants in linking the water column and the sediment through their physical structure and are capable of taking up nutrients from both water column and sediment. Decline of aquatic vegetation, especially submersed macrophytes, may be critical for the phase changes of shallow lake ecosystems from clear water state toward turbid state. Widespread reduction in the abundance of submerged macrophytes has been reported over the past several decades in many areas of the world. The decline can be related to water and sediment characteristics, reduction of water clarity by phytoplankton and suspended particles in excessive nutrient loading and eutrophication induced low light stress. Under natural conditions, aquatic plants frequently encounter combinations of stress factors like mechanical and resource stress. In such conditions, plant growth is altered in a complex interactive manner that cannot be simply predicted from the responses to each stress factor when considered independently. Consequently, the individual ability to tolerate multiple stresses through morphological adjustments is a major feature that determines species survival and colonization, and hence the ecological breadth of the species. The abiotic factors include organic substances, pH, temperature, alkalinity and hardness, inorganic ligands, interactions, sediments, redox status etc. It was reported that biomass growth of aquatic weeds decreased at high nutrient and organic contents of the sediment.\nLack of oxygen or anoxia is a common environmental challenge which submerged plants have to face throughout their life. Submerged plants subjected to gradient redox conditions, such as they occur in flooded soil, eutrophic lakes, and waste water. Anoxic conditions result in a number of ecological processes that can degrade water quality. A primary concern related to anoxic conditions in lakes is the release of phosphorus from reduced sediments. Other water quality impacts related to hypolimnetic anoxia include hypolimnetic accumulation of various reduced species, including ammonia, iron, manganese, and sulfide. Sediment anoxia affects plants by regulating respiration and phytotoxin production as the result of anaerobic degradation of organic matter. In these aquatic environments, due to the cessation of ammonium nitrification, NH4-N level increases. Increased ammonium concentration and low redox status (reduced condition) in the natural habitat (due to pollution or eutropication) are two prominent characteristics associated with eutropic lakes, such as Plesne Lake in Central Europe. Furthermore, under reduced environment different oxidize elements become available in the surrounding environment. Literature on the effect of reduce environment on aquatic macrophyte is very scanty. Various wetland plant response to flooded soil conditions have been reported in numerous publications in late 80's and 90's. Little is known about the relationship between soil oxidation-reduction and aquatic macrophyte functioning. Therefore, present attention has focused on the effects of submersed macrophytes on sediment redox, nutrient statues and the effects of sediment organic composition on macrophyte growth and biochemical activities.\nThe influence of sediment anoxia on the growth and production of submerged macrophytes in the freshwater environment is poorly understood, and information and quantitative data are scarce. So far, the few studies that have been conducted on freshwater macrophytes have been mostly based on the natural environment or field observation. It is often difficult to explain underlying mechanisms and to make reliable conclusions based on field observation data because many ecological processes occur concurrently. Thus, laboratory studies under controlled conditions are necessary to fully understand these phenomena. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of diversified sediment redox state on various physiological and biochemical parameters in relation to oxidative stress and to evaluate the tolerant capability in P. pectinatus and Elodea nittallii. Both the species of plants are known to be stress resistance. Their physiology, morphology and biochemical response are taken into account. This study will be beneficial for the selection of macrophyte species for habitat restoration. The enzymes, physiology, gene involved in such adaptation in different species of Potamogeton have been widely studied since the last three decades. The nutritional quality and quantity, as well as antioxidant response under oxygen deprived states not been evaluated.\nBioavailability and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems is gaining tremendous significance globally. It has been suggested that pH and redox conditions are the factors that most affect the chemistry of metals in soils, and their uptake by organisms. The uptake of metals increases with increasing external metal concentration, but this is not a linear correlation. Aquatic macrophytes take up metals from the water, producing an internal concentration several fold greater than their surroundings. The metals are thereby made available to grazing moluscs and, thus, reintroduced into the food web via fish to birds and humans. These elements which are not biodegradable, in excess concentration might cause deleterious effect by disordering physiological and biochemical processes in the plant cells and might contributes to the food chain. Generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an established impact of stresses and their synthesis is stimulated in the presence of heavy metals in plants. Therefore, it is imperative to estimate the effect of soil properties on the availability and the uptake of heavy metals by plants to minimize the toxic effects and the translocation to food chains.\nExposure to stress can lead to the disruption of cellular and molecular processes. Oxidative damage in particular is associated with many types of stress. Under environmental stress, changes in free radical processes are expected to occur and these are in turn to affect the radical scavenging ability of a plant. Anoxic stress leads to hydrogen peroxide formation in plant cells. Direct and indirect evidence has accumulated on the involvement of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in the anoxic stress response and excessive generation of ROS is the first sign of oxidative stress. Formation of ROS occurs through several reducing steps, yielding first the superoxide anion, then hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical and finally water. Among the chemical species only hydrogen peroxide is relatively stable and able to penetrate the plasma membrane as an uncharged molecule, thus it could act as a second messenger under stress conditions. H2O2 is starting to be accepted as a second messenger for signals generated by means of ROS because of its relatively long life and high permeability across membranes. When ROS generation exceeds the capacity of the cellular antioxidants, it will cause oxidative stress and significant oxidative damage to a plant. These cytotoxic ROS can strongly disrupt normal metabolism through oxidative damage of chlorophyll, lipids, protein, and nucleic acids. To maintain its functional and structural integrity, a plant organism has to be resistant towards unfavourable factors. If a stress factor surpasses this range the plant has to trigger additional energy and physiological-biochemical mechanisms to survive under unfavourable conditions. To protect them against oxidative stress, plant cells produce both antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) etc. The regulation of carbohydrate and energy metabolism seems to be important for the adaptation to oxygen shortage. Heavy metals suppress the functioning of essential biological components of plants as they tend to bind with sulphydryl groups of enzymes. Thus the balance between producing and removing of free oxygen radicals is damaged in both experimental plants (Elodea nuttallii and Potamogeton pectinatus). When the anoxic condition exceeded the tolerance level of the plants under present experimental condition, plants showed reductions in growth, retarded metabolic and physiological processes as supported by the previous study. E. nuttallii under reduced conditions even treated with suitable concentration of NH4-N (2.5 ppm) showed retarded growth, decreased levels of photosynthetic pigments. Both E. nuttallii and P. pectinatus effected nutrient and ion concentrations of surface water and sediment pore water.\nHypoxia along with elevated concentration of NH4-N act as the important factor in distribution and abundance of these species and submerged macrophyte E. nuttallii and P. crispus are poorly tolerant of anoxia in terms of cell detoxification response. Oxygen deprived reduced conditions and with elevated NH4-N concentration retarded growth, significantly affected the photosynthetic apparatus as well as C-N balance in plants. H2O2 was found to promote senescence based on chlorophyll, protein degradation, decreased IAA, MDA and proline content, a decrease in membrane stability, which were partially regulated in the presence of free radical scavengers. Some essential macro and micro elements in plants were found below critical limit for plant survival. P. crispus were found to be more tolerant than E. nuttallii under such adverse conditions. The combined effect of elevated ammonium concentration under various redox levels, on Elodea nuttallii were studied for the implication of a suitable phytoremediation technologies. Heavy metal toxicity along with oxygen deprived conditions were manifested in a reduction of biomass, photosynthetic pigments and biochemical disorders such as excess generation of ROS, lipid peroxidation and reduction of major macro elements. The BCF sequence for micro and non-essential elements was Cu>Mn>Zn>Al>Cd>Fe>Pb in both conditions under reduced treatments. The combination of low redox state and high ammonium concentration has stronger physiological impact on submerged macrophytes than the two factors acting alone. Of the two factors, low redox status had greater effects on macro-micro nutrient balance than did the high concentration on ammonium. Based on the present results it can be suggested that E. nuttallii can be a useful tool not for all phytoremediation technologies but for phytoextraction.\nLong-term ecological records of the decline of submersed macrophytes in the progress of eutrophication have suggested that sediment may play an important role for the decline due to its close relations to macrophyte growth and distribution. In eutrophic water, only the canopy growth form and fertile resistant species are able to sustain. Therefore, process and mechanism studies on the decline of the vegetation will provide scientific basis for the management of the shallow lake ecosystems of this area.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_113_description_24":{"attribute_name":"目次","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  i\nAbstract  iii\nPublication List  ix\nList of Figures  xvi\nList of Tables  xviii\nList of Annex  xviii\nChapter 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW  1\nAquatic macrophyte  1\nStress and Response  2\nSediment Anoxia  4\nPlant nutrients  7\nOrganic matter content and metal translocation  8\nPhosphorus release  11\n1.1.1. Soil itself is a sink for P  11\n1.1.2. Microbial activity  12\n1.1.3. Organic matter concentration in sediment  12\nPhytoremediation and phytomanagement  12\nOxidative Stress  14\nPlant Hormone and adaptive response of Potamogeton species  16\nChapter 2. EXPERIMENT 1: EFFECTS OF NH4-N CONCENTRATIONS AND GRADIENT REDOX LEVEL ON GROWTH AND ALLIED BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ELODEA NUTTALLII (PLANCH.)  19\n2.3.1. Collection of sediment and plants  22\n2.3.2. Experimental set-up  23\n2.3.3. Plant growth study  25\n2.3.4. Chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and chlorophyll fluorescence  25\n2.3.5. Total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN)  26\n2.3.6. Hormone and enzyme analysis  26\n2.3.7. Lipid peroxidation and proline concentration  26\n2.3.8. Light microscopic study  27\n2.3.9. Statistics  27\n2.4.1. Plant growth and shoot elongation  28\n2.4.2. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and electron transport rate (ETR)  29\n2.4.3. Carbon and Carbon and nitrogen  30\n2.4.4. IAA concentration and IAA catabolism  31\n2.4.5. ROS production and POD activity  32\n2.4.6. Lipid peroxidation rate and proline content  33\n2.4.7. Chloroplast number and appearance  34\nChapter 3. 2ND EXPERIMENT: ASSESSMENT OF MACRO AND MICROELEMENTS ACCUMULATION CAPABILITIES OF ELODEA NUTTALLII UNDER OXYGEN STRESS AND ELEVATED NH4-N CONCENTRATION  41\n3.1. Introduction  41\n3.2. Objectives  44\n3.3. Materials and Methods  45\n3.3.1. Experimental Design  45\n3.3.2. Soil, plant and water analysis  46\n3.3.3. Biomass increment  47\n3.3.4. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and Translocation factor (TF)  47\n3.3.6. Statistical Analysis  48\n3.4. Results  48\n3.4.1. Biomass increment  48\n3.4.2. Elements bioaccumulation and translocation in plant  49\n3.4. Discussion  52\nChapter 4. 3RD EXPERIMENT: PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF POTAMOGETON PECTINATUS TO VARIOUS SEDIMENT REDOX STATES  60\n4.1. Introduction  60\n4.2. Objective of the study  63\n4.3. Materials and Methods  64\n4.3.1. Treatments and experimental set-up  64\n4.3.2. Shoot length measurement  65\n4.3.3. %Carbon, %Nitrogen, Soluble carbohydrate (SC) and free amino acids (FAA) content  66\n4.3.4. Chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and chlorophyll fluorescence study  66\n4.3.5. Macronutrient content study  67\n4.3.6. Hormone, Enzyme and Lipid peroxidation concentration study  67\n4.3.7. Statistical Analysis  67\n4.4. Results  68\n4.4.1. Shoot elongation rate  68\n4.4.2. Effect on photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluroscence  68\n4.4.3. Effect on %Carbon, %Nitrogen, Soluble carbohydrate (SC) and free amino acids (FAA) content  69\n4.4.4. Effect on macronutrients  70\n4.4.5. Hormone, Enzyme and Lipid peroxidation concentration  71\n4.5. Discussion  72\n4.6. Conclusion  78\nChapter 5. EXPERIMENT 4: THE DISTRIBUTION OF MICRONUTRIENT CATIONS IN SOIL UNDER CONDITIONS OF VARYING REDOX POTENTIAL AND PH  79\n5.1. Introduction  79\n5.2. Objectives  81\n5.3. Materials and methods  82\n5.3.1. Experimental set up  82\n5.3.2. Dissolved Oxygen Measurement (DO)  83\n5.3.3. Collection of pore water and different component analysis in water, pore water and soil  83\n5.3.4. Statistical analysis  83\n5.4. Results  85\n5.4.1. Sediment characteristics  85\n5.4.2. DO concentration, pH and Eh values  85\n5.4.3. Pore water quality  87\n5.4.4. Elements and Concentration of PO4-P, NH4-N and NO3-N in Water column  89\n5.4. Discussion  91\n5.5. Conclusion  95\nChapter 6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION  97\n6.1. Conclusion  97\n6.2. Recommendation  98\nReferences  100\nAnnex  I","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_113_description_25":{"attribute_name":"注記","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"主指導教員 : 淺枝隆","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_113_description_33":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"text","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_113_description_34":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_113_dissertation_number_19":{"attribute_name":"学位授与番号","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_dissertationnumber":"甲第926号"}]},"item_113_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.24561/00010288","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_113_publisher_11":{"attribute_name":"出版者名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"埼玉大学大学院理工学研究科"}]},"item_113_publisher_12":{"attribute_name":"出版者名（別言語）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University"}]},"item_113_record_name_8":{"attribute_name":"書誌","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_record_name":"博士論文（埼玉大学大学院理工学研究科（博士後期課程））"}]},"item_113_text_31":{"attribute_name":"版","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"[出版社版]"}]},"item_113_text_36":{"attribute_name":"アイテムID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"GD0000501"}]},"item_113_text_4":{"attribute_name":"著者 所属","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"埼玉大学大学院理工学研究科"}]},"item_113_text_5":{"attribute_name":"著者 所属（別言語）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University"}]},"item_113_version_type_32":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_access_right":{"attribute_name":"アクセス権","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_access_right":"open access","subitem_access_right_uri":"http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"TANJEENA, ZAMAN","creatorNameLang":"en"},{"creatorName":"タンジーナ, ザマン","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2018-01-23"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"GD0000501.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"4.4 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"GD0000501.pdf","objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://sucra.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/10294/files/GD0000501.pdf"},"version_id":"63867ca7-db30-4541-a38e-117354f90e5d"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"doctoral thesis","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06"}]},"item_title":"The effect of elevated NH4-N concentrations under gradient oxygen levels on growth, nutrient up take and some biochemical parameters in submerged macrophytes (E. nuttallii and P. pectinatus)","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"The effect of elevated NH4-N concentrations under gradient oxygen levels on growth, nutrient up take and some biochemical parameters in submerged macrophytes (E. nuttallii and P. pectinatus)","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"113","owner":"15","path":["503"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2014-09-18"},"publish_date":"2014-09-18","publish_status":"0","recid":"10294","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["The effect of elevated NH4-N concentrations under gradient oxygen levels on growth, nutrient up take and some biochemical parameters in submerged macrophytes (E. nuttallii and P. pectinatus)"],"weko_creator_id":"15","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-23T04:47:59.274249+00:00"}