@article{oai:sucra.repo.nii.ac.jp:00014473,
 author = {高田, 則雄 and 三嶋, 恒子 and 久恒, 智博 and 永井, てるみ and 戎井, 悦子 and 御子柴, 克彦 and 平瀬, 肇},
 issue = {49},
 journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience},
 month = {},
 note = {Global brain state dynamics regulate plasticity in local cortical circuits, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that astrocyte Ca2+ signaling provides a critical bridge between cholinergic activation, associated with attention and vigilance states, and somatosensory plasticity in mouse barrel cortex in vivo. We investigated first whether a combined stimulation of mouse whiskers and the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), the principal source of cholinergic innervation to the cortex, leads to enhanced whisker-evoked local field potential. This plasticity is dependent on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs). During the induction of this synaptic plasticity, we find that astrocytic [Ca2+] is pronouncedly elevated, which is blocked by mAChR antagonists. The elevation of astrocytic [Ca2+] is crucial in this type of synaptic plasticity, as the plasticity could not be induced in inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 knock-out (IP3R2-KO) mice, in which astrocytic [Ca2+] surges are diminished. Moreover, NBM stimulation led to a significant increase in the extracellular concentration of the NMDAR coagonist d-serine in wild-type mice when compared to IP3R2-KO mice. Finally, plasticity in IP3R2-KO mice could be rescued by externally supplying d-serine. Our data present coherent lines of in vivo evidence for astrocytic involvement in cortical plasticity. These findings suggest an unexpected role of astrocytes as a gate for cholinergic plasticity in the cortex., text, application/pdf},
 pages = {18155--18165},
 title = {Astrocyte Calcium Signaling Transforms Cholinergic Modulation to Cortical Plasticity In Vivo},
 volume = {31},
 year = {2011},
 yomi = {タナカ, ノリオ and ミシマ, ツネコ and ヒサツネ, チヒロ and ナガイ, テルミ and エビスイ, エツオ and ミコシバ, カツヒコ and ヒラセ, ハジメ}
}